Calico Console

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Revision as of 00:31, 2 August 2013 by Doug Blank (Talk | contribs) (→‎Unix Commands)

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The Console programming language is based on the Unix and DOS command line. This is a simplified version of a full shell language, but you can do quite a bit. There are no flow-of-control constructs (if, for, while, etc.). You cannot run executables with this language, but you can run Calico scripts.

Console Features

The Console language is a first-class Calico language. It supports:

  • tracing, stepping, and break-point debugging
  • language interop
  • using Calico modules

As a shell language, you can chain little commands together to create a useful script. Use the pipe character "|" to send the output of one command to the input of another. Also, you can use back-quoted expressions to insert executed Console commands into other locations in a script.

To use the tracer, stepping, and break-point, put your commands into a New Console Script, and step from there.

Calico-console.gif

Unix Commands

These are the commands available when in unix mode:

  • cat - concatenate files
  • cd - change directory
  • cp - copy files and folders
  • echo - create output
  • open - open a file in Calico
  • eval - evaluate text in Calico
  • exec - execute a file in Calico
  • grep - search for matches
  • head - get first few lines of output
  • help - get help on commands
  • more - see output one page at a time
  • ls - list files
  • mkdir - make a directory
  • more - see output one page at a time
  • mv - move files and folders
  • open - open a file in Calico
  • print - display output
  • pwd - print working directory
  • rm - remove file or folders
  • rmdir - remove folders
  • show - show an image graphically
  • sort - sort data
  • switch - to unix or dos
  • tail - get end of output

DOS Commands

The are the commands available when in dos mode:

  • cd - change directory
  • chdir - change directory
  • cp - copy files and folders
  • rm - remove file or folders
  • ls - list files
  • print - display output
  • open - open a file in Calico
  • rm - remove file or folders
  • eval - evaluate text in Calico
  • exec - execute a file in Calico
  • help - get help on commands
  • mkdir - make a directory
  • md - make a directory
  • more - see output one page at a time
  • mv - move files and folders
  • open - open a file in Calico
  • pwd - print working directory
  • rmdir - remove folders
  • move - move files and folders
  • mv - move files and folders
  • rmdir - remove folders
  • show - show an image graphically
  • sort - sort data
  • switch - to unix or dos

Variables

Variables are stored in the global, shared-between-languages environment space.

There two ways to set variables: directly (using Console constructs), and using variables and letting Python evaluate the right-hand side of the assignment.

Directly uses the command SET: 

SET x="Hello World"
echo $x

SET data = `ls *.txt`
echo $data

You can also use Python to evaluate an expression: 

x='"Hello World"'
echo $x

Here are some additional examples using Python to evaluate expressions: 

x = 1
x = $x + 1
echo $x

For more complex Python expressions, you might need to quote the expression: 

x = 1
x = 'x + 1'
echo $x

If you then switch to another language, you will see that the variable x is now defined there.

Interop

There are three ways to interoperate with other languages:

  • exec STATEMENT LANGUAGE
  • eval EXPRESSION LANGUAGE
  • x = EXPRESSION

Here is an example controlling a robot using Python and Myro with eval and exec: 

exec "import Myro" python
exec init() python
eval getLight() python
eval 'getLight("left")' python

Here are examples using Python to evaluate an expression: 

x = '"This is a string"'
y = 'x + ", and this too"'
z = 1
z = $z + 1
z = 'z + 1'

The first creates a string in Python, and assigns it to a shared variable x.

The second uses the global variable x and adds more string to it.

The third uses Python to evaluate a number, 1.

The forth evaluates $z in Console, and then uses Python to add one to it.

The fifth passes 'z + 1' and lets Python lookup z and do the math.

Examples

console> echo Hello World
Hello World

console> echo "Hello, World!"
Hello, World!



console> ls
.:
Calico Calico.sln Makefile Packages.mdproj

console> ls -l            
/home/dblank/Calico/Source/Calico
/home/dblank/Calico/Source/Calico.sln
/home/dblank/Calico/Source/Makefile
/home/dblank/Calico/Source/Packages.mdproj

console> ls -l | grep Make
/home/dblank/Calico/Source/Makefile

console> echo `grep xml *` | cat -n 
grep: no such file 'Calico'
     1 Packages.mdproj: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> Packages.mdproj: <Project DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003" ToolsVersion="4.0">

Example showing running code from Console via Calico --repl: 

dblank@vaio:~/Calico$ calico --repl
Loading Calico version 2.3.8...
python> :lang console
console> ls
.:
Lib Makefile NOTES README.txt Source StartCalico StartCalico.app
StartCalico.bat bin data examples languages locale make-macpack make-zip
make-zip-mac make-zip.bat modules plugins server src
console> cd examples
/home/dblank/Calico/examples
console> ls  
.:
__init__.py csharp data dinah fsharp images jigsaw logo lua python ruby scheme
sounds spreadsheet sympl
console> cd python
/home/dblank/Calico/examples/python
console> ls
.:
AI CS Graphics Misc Music Processing Robots Science Sprites __init__.py nehe
console> cd CS
/home/dblank/Calico/examples/python/CS
console> ls
.:
Functions.py MakeACalicoLanguage.py fsm_eval.py helloworld.py levenshtein.py
mergesort.py ngrams.py simulation.py
console> cat Functions.py
# Python Function Examples

# Create a function that will add 1 to a given number:

def add1(x):
    return x + 1

# Create a function that will add two numbers together:

def addem(x, y):
    return x + y

# Call both of the functions, and display the results:

print(add1(4))
print(addem(42, 8))

console> exec Functions.py       
5
50
Done
None
console> :lang python
python> dir()
['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', 'add1', 'addem', 'calico', 'input', 'raw_input']
Ok
python> add1(45)  
46
Ok
python> ^d  

dblank@vaio:~/Calico$

eval Examples

Directly calling eval: 

console>> eval "1 + 1" python
2
console>> eval "(+ 1 1)" scheme
2
console>> eval "(+ 40 2)" scheme | cat -n
     1 42

Piping to eval: 

console>> echo '"1 + 1"' python | eval
2

Piping to an evaluated expression: 

console>> echo 1  | eval "lambda x: x" python
1
console>> echo 1  | eval "lambda x: int(x)" python
1
console>> echo 1  | eval "lambda x: int(x) + 1" python
2
## In Calico Scheme, func make a function callable
## from other languages:
console>> echo 1 | eval "(func (lambda (n) n))" scheme
1

console>> exec "import Myro" python
True
console>> eval "Myro.pickAFile()" python
/home/dblank/Calico/languages/CSharp/CalicoCSharp.cs
console>> eval "Myro.pickAFile()" python | cat -n
     1 /home/dblank/Calico/modules/Myro/Robots/Hummingbird.cs
console>> eval "Myro.pickAFile()" python | cat
/home/dblank/Calico/modules/Myro/Robots/Hummingbird.cs
console>> cat `eval "Myro.pickAFile()" python`
...
console>> grep "def " `eval "Myro.pickAFile()" python`
console>> grep "import " `eval "Myro.pickAFile()" python`
/home/dblank/Downloads/alarm.py: from Myro import *

Pipe objects and functions: 

console>> eval "lambda x: x" python | eval "lambda f: f(1)" python
1

Chain of functions in different languages (requires Calico 2.3.9 or greater): 

echo -e "1\n2\n3" | eval "lambda x: int(x) + 1" python | eval "(func (lambda (n) (* n 2)))" scheme

Notice that the first function, the x is a string. Subsequent functions, it is an integer.

Infinite Streams (requires Calico 2.3.9 or greater): 

# nats.py
def nats():
    count = 0
    while True:
        yield count
        count += 1

echo can take a generator: 

echo `eval "nats()" python` | eval "lambda n: n + 1" python | less
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